As flu season approaches every year, millions of Americans seek out flu shots to protect themselves and their loved ones from the virus. But did you know that while the flu remains a seasonal inconvenience for most healthy people, it still leads to thousands of hospitalizations (and deaths) annually?
Vaccination remains one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of contracting and spreading the flu — and, thankfully, vaccines get updated each year to better match the current virus.
But, with multiple flu shot options available, it can be hard to know which shot best fits your needs. That’s why your resident vaccine experts at Village Apothecary are here to break down all the current flu vaccine details! Read on for data-backed information to help you make an informed decision that best supports your health, your lifestyle, and your safety.
In This Article:
- Understanding the Flu Vaccine
- Comparing Flu Shots: Breakdown of What Options Are Available
- Key Factors to Consider When Comparing Flu Shots
- What to Expect After Getting the Flu Shot
Understanding the Flu Vaccine
How Flu Vaccines Work
Flu vaccines work by stimulating the production of specific virus-fighting antibodies. By teaching your immune system to recognize the influenza antigen, the vaccine helps your body develop these antibodies prior to exposure to the virus.
This helps your body prepare to fend off the threat. We like to think of it as a dress rehearsal — if you’re exposed to the flu later, then your body already knows the choreography required to deal with it.
Each year, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assess global flu data and determine which virus strains are most likely to be prevalent during the upcoming flu season. Based on this assessment, flu vaccines are formulated to target those specific strains.
Learn More: 2024 Flu Vaccine Rundown: Everything You Need to Know
Comparing Flu Shots: Breakdown of What Options Are Available
Standard Flu Shots (Inactivated Influenza Vaccine)
Inactivated Influenza Vaccines (IIV) are the most common type of flu vaccine. They contain inactivated (or killed) virus particles, meaning they cannot cause the flu but still prompt an immune response.
Generally, IIVs come in two varieties: quadrivalent and trivalent.
The first standard flu shots were trivalent, or designed to protect against three strains (two influenza A strains, one influenza B strain). In 2012, scientists developed the quadrivalent flu vaccine, which protects against four strains (two influenza A strains and two influenza B strains). For many years, quadrivalent strains were widely recommended as the ideal flu shot.
As of the 2024-25 flu season, however, all flu vaccines in the United States are moving back to trivalent. With the near eradication of one strain, the CDC and other organizations have ruled that trivalent vaccines once again offer sufficient protection. Just another concrete, life-saving example of how (and how well) vaccines work!
Learn More: Vaccines Do Work, But They’re Not Perfect
High-Dose and Adjuvanted Flu Shots
While still inactivated vaccines, high-dose flu shots are specifically designed for people aged 65 and older.
Because, as we age, our immune systems tend to weaken. This can make us more susceptible to severe flu-related complications. High-dose vaccines contain four times the amount of antigen — the substance that prompts the immune system to react — as standard vaccines, which helps generate a stronger immune response in aging individuals.
Adjuvanted flu vaccines also target older adults. They contain an adjuvant, an ingredient that enhances the immune response to the vaccine. This is particularly beneficial for those aged 65 and older, who may not respond as well to standard vaccines.
Nasal Spray Flu Vaccine (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine)
Another option is live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), which is administered as a nasal spray.
This vaccine contains a weakened form of the live virus. It’s an appealing option for those who are needle-averse, especially children! However, it is not suitable for everyone.
The CDC only recommends these vaccines for healthy individuals aged 2 through 49 who are not pregnant. People with weakened immune systems, certain chronic health conditions, or those in close contact with immunocompromised individuals should opt for a different type of vaccine.
Egg-Free Flu Shots
For those with egg allergies who are comparing flu shots, we have good news! As of 2024, all flu shots available in the United States are considered egg-free.
Regardless of a patient’s previous reaction, there are no contraindications for egg allergy for any of the influenza vaccines. Testing has concluded that even those with severe egg allergies can safely take any available flu shot.
Our Options
If you choose Village Apothecary for your 2024 vaccines, then comparing flu shots is a pretty easy task. We currently offer these influenza vaccine options for individuals:
- Flulaval 2024-2025 (Standard Dose)
- Fluad HD 2023-2025 (High Dose)
Our team does not currently offer an LAIV option. Please speak with one of our experts or your healthcare provider if you feel that an LAIV would be the best option for you, specifically!
Learn More: Seasonal Vaccination: When Should You Get Your Vaccines in 2024?
Key Factors to Consider When Comparing Flu Shots
Age and Health Concerns
When comparing flu shots, age and underlying health conditions are the most critical factors to consider.
For example, children under 6 months cannot receive a flu vaccine, while older adults (65+) are strongly encouraged to get a high-dose or adjuvanted vaccine. Pregnant women, who are at higher risk for severe complications, should generally opt for standard inactivated vaccines rather than live vaccines.
Allergies and Sensitivities
Although egg allergy is no longer a contraindication for any flu vaccine, individuals who have had severe allergic reactions to flu vaccines in the past should consult with their healthcare provider to determine the safest option.
Personal Preferences
This might come as a surprise, but comfort and convenience also play a role in vaccine selection.
Some people might prefer the traditional shot, while others might opt for the nasal spray. Additionally, flu vaccines come in single-dose and multi-dose vials. Single-dose vials do not contain preservatives, which might be preferable for those concerned about additives like thimerosal.
(You shouldn’t be, but that’s another story: Vaccine Ingredients in 2024: Less Scary Than You Might Think)
Availability and Insurance Coverage
If you’re worried about the price of influenza vaccines while comparing flu shots, don’t be! Almost all insurance plans will cover the full cost of the flu shot.
However, your plan might be unique. Discuss your coverage with your insurance provider directly, and let us know what we can do to help. We’re proud to offer affordable out-of-pocket options for those without coverage, and we can even serve walk-ins in a very timely matter.
(That being said, we highly recommend making an appointment during peak cold and flu season!)
Learn More: Dr. Neal’s Vaccine Recommendations Rundown: Who Needs What and When
What to Expect After Getting the Flu Shot
Common Side Effects
After receiving the flu shot, some people may experience mild side effects such as soreness at the injection site, a low-grade fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally minimal and short-lived.
If your symptoms persist for more than a few days, contact your primary care physician. While rare, it is possible to contract a condition called SIRVA, or shoulder injury related to vaccine administration, if your provider isn’t properly educated and trained.
Learn More: What is SIRVA? Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Severe reactions to flu vaccines are rare but possible. Symptoms like difficulty breathing, hives, or swelling, particularly if they occur within hours of vaccination, require immediate medical attention.
And, to reiterate: If you have mild symptoms that grow increasingly uncomfortable and/or do not subside within a few days, you might be experiencing SIRVA. Contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Here’s to a Flu-Free Fall
Getting vaccinated against the flu is an essential step in protecting your health and the health of those around you. Plus, with several flu shot options available, there’s a vaccine for everyone, whether you’re young or old, healthy or dealing with chronic conditions, allergic to eggs, or simply prefer a needle-free option!
By understanding the differences between the available vaccines, you can now make an informed decision and ensure that you’re best protected during flu season.
To learn more about flu vaccines and find a vaccination site near you, visit the CDC’s flu vaccine page. Remember to consult with your healthcare provider or one of our vaccine experts for personalized advice on the best flu shot option for you.